图书编校质量差错认定细则，仔细研究，对平常文稿核对有好处
<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: center;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">（中国出版工作者协会校对研究委员会2005年6月修订）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: center;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">一、总 则</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第一条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>为了贯彻实施新闻出版署发布的《图书质量保障体系》和《图书质量管理规定》，做好图书编校质量检查和评比工作，特对图书中常见的文字、词语、语法、标点符号、数字用法、量和单位、版面格式等方面的差错，提出一个便于操作的认定细则，供出版管理部门及各出版社参考。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 版面编排格式的判别，以《图书书名页》（GB <wbr>12450—1990）、《文后参考文献著录规则》（GB <wbr>7714—1987）等国家标准为依据。标点符号正误的判别，以《标点符号用法》（GB</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">T <wbr>15834—1995）为依据。数字用法正误的判别，以《出版物上数字用法的规定》（GB</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">T <wbr>15835—1995）为依据。规范汉字正误的判别，以国家语言文字工作委员会1986年重新发表的《简化字总表》，1955年文化部和中国文字改革委员 <wbr>会联合发布的《第一批异体字整理表》（少数字后来有调整），1988年国家语言文字工作委员会、中华人民共和国新闻出版署联合发布的《现代汉语通用字表》 <wbr>为依据。异形词正误的判别，以教育部、国家语言文字工作委员会发布的《第一批异形词整理表》为依据。汉语拼音拼写正误的判别，以《汉语拼音正词法基本规 <wbr>则》（GB</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">T <wbr>16159—1996）、《中文书刊名称汉语拼音拼写法》（GB3259—1992）、《中国人名汉语拼音字母拼写法》和《中国地名汉语拼音字母拼写规则 <wbr>（汉语地名部分）》等为依据。自然科学名词正误的判别，以1990年国家科委、中国科学院、国家教委、新闻出版署联合发布的《关于使用全国自然科学名词审 <wbr>定委员会公布的科技名词的通知》为依据。量和单位正误的判别，以1993年国家技术监督局公布的国家标准《量和单位》（GB <wbr>3100～3102—1993）为依据。语言文字正误的判别，以《现代汉语词典》（2002年增补本）、《新华字典》（1998年修订本）等常用工具书为 <wbr>参考依据。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>语言文字现象是复杂的，科学知识是无穷的，因此．本细则不可能涵盖各类问题，只列举图书中常见的一些差错，以期举一反三。为便于评比操作，有些不宜计错的情形也一并择要列出。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">二、文 字</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>文字差错包括错别字、多字、漏字、颠倒字、已明令停止使用的异体字、不符合《现代汉语通用字表》字形规定的旧字形，以及汉语拼音和外文等方面的差错。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第五条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>错别字是错字和别字的合称。错字，指像字但不是字，规范字典里查不出的字；别字，指把甲字写成乙字，规范字典里虽然有，但用在这里不当的字。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第六条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>错字虽然与正字形似，但不是字，比较容易判别；而别字则不同，或者形似，或者音同，或者义近，似是而非，判别并不是那么容易的。因此，判别别字，要从字义人手。现将常见的词语中一些较难界定的别字列举如下（括号里的字是错的)：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和蔼（霭），安（按）装，酒吧（巴），暴（爆）发户，炮（爆）羊肉，凋敝（蔽），奴颜婢（卑）膝，金碧（壁）辉煌，明辨（辩）是非，辨（辩）析，辨 <wbr>（辩）证施治，心胸褊（偏）狭，针砭（贬）时弊，治标（表）不治本，濒（频）临，赌博（赙），脉搏（博、膊），按部（步）就班，战略部（布）署，兴高采 <wbr>（彩）烈，璀璨（灿），最高检察（查）院，察（查）言观色，惊诧（咤），一刹（霎）那，万古长（常）青，不齿（耻）于人类，相形见绌（拙），川（穿）流不 <wbr>息，串（窜）门，吹毛求疵（刺），氽（川）丸子，精粹（萃），催（摧）化剂，戴（带）罪立功，虎视眈眈（耽），担（耽）心，殚（惮）精竭虑，好搭档 <wbr>（挡），大排档（挡），挡（当）车工，变速挡（档），到（倒）底怎么样，马镫（蹬），真谛（缔），玷（沾）污，间谍（牒），通牒（谍），大名鼎鼎（顶）， <wbr>装订（钉）书籍，纱锭（绽），度（渡）假村，举一反（返）三，成绩斐（蜚）然，凑份（分）子，省份（分），年份（分），水分（份），分（份）量，名分 <wbr>（份），分（份）内，分（份）外，辈分（份），竹竿（杆），麦秆（杆），金刚（钢），横膈（隔）膜，沟（勾）通信息，勾（沟）结敌人，变卦（挂），诡 <wbr>（鬼）计多端，走上正轨（规），灌（贯）输，坩埚（锅），震撼（振憾），浩瀚（翰），引吭（亢）高歌，随声附和（合），和（合）盘托出，哄（轰）堂大笑， <wbr>内讧（哄），变幻（换）莫测，《黄（皇）帝内经》，皇皇（煌）巨著，彗（慧）星，融会（汇）贯通，诨（浑）号，候（后）补委员，负笈（籍）从师，不假 <wbr>（加）思索，汗流浃（夹）背，戛（嘎）然而止，佼佼（姣）者，挖墙脚（角），直截（接）了当，电介（解）质[指绝缘体]，电解（介）质[指导电体]，噤 <wbr>（禁）若寒蝉，尽（仅）管，陷阱（井），不胫（径）而走，腈（睛）纶，赳赳（纠）武夫，抉（决）择，诀（决）别，勘（堪）探，堪（勘）舆，戡（堪）乱，中 <wbr>肯（恳），抠（扣）字眼，蜡（腊）染，蜡（腊）纸，谰（烂）言，滥（烂）调，同等学力（历），再接再厉（励），黄连（莲）素，链（连）霉素，项链（练）， <wbr>黄粱（梁）美梦，寥寥（廖）无几，鳞（麟）次栉比，棉铃（蛉）虫，蒸馏（溜）水，流（留）芳百世，螺（罗）丝钉，温情脉脉（默），贸（冒）然，笑眯眯 <wbr>（咪），甜言蜜（密）语，弥（迷）天大谎，沉湎（缅）酒色，一文不名（明），没（末）落，墨（默）守成规，拇（姆）指，百衲（纳）本，唯唯诺诺（喏），呕 <wbr>（沤）心沥血，如法炮（泡）制，赔（陪）礼道歉，抨（评）击，裨（俾）益，偏僻（辟），癖（僻）好，平（凭）添，风尘仆仆（扑），大器（气）晚成，青 <wbr>（清）山绿水，山清（青）水秀，屈（曲）指可数，一阕（阙）词，声名鹊（雀）起，发轫（韧），杂糅（揉），繁文缛（褥）节，偌（喏）大年纪，砂（沙）轮， <wbr>霎（刹）时间，少（稍）安毋躁，威慑（摄），革命圣（胜）地，旅游胜（圣）地，长盛（胜）不衰，各行其是（事），招工启事（示），神气十（实）足，首 <wbr>（手）屈一指，金银首（手）饰，抒（舒）情，精神矍铄（烁），追溯（朔），唢（哨）呐，鞭挞（鞑），碳（炭）元素，煤炭（碳），碳（炭）素钢，一摊（滩） <wbr>泥，前提（题），提（题）纲，字帖（贴），铤（挺）而走险，走投（头）无路，抟（搏）土造人，高品位（味），任人唯（为）肾，魁梧（武），好高</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">骛</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（鹜）远，趋之若鹜（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">骛</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）， <wbr>文恬武嬉（嘻），袄（袄、妖）教，安详（祥），销（消）声匿迹，元宵（霄）节，通宵（霄）达旦，威胁（协），别出心（新）裁，锦绣（秀）河山，麦锈（绣） <wbr>病，戊戌（戍）变法，栩栩（诩）如生，寒暄（喧），宣（渲）泄，主旋（弦）律，徇（循）私，赝（膺）品，集腋（掖）成裘，谒（竭）见，神采奕奕（弈），弈 <wbr>（奕）棋，肄（肆）业，圯（圮）上老人，优（忧）柔寡断，给予（于），予（于）以表扬，滥竽（芋）充数，竭泽而渔（鱼），鱼（渔）肉百姓，左右逢源 <wbr>（圆），世外桃源（园），芸芸（纭）众生，雍容（荣）华贵，书札（扎），敲诈（榨）勒索，明火执仗（杖），膨胀（涨），缜（慎）密，旁征（证）博引，卷帙 <wbr>（秩）浩繁，仗义执（直）言，养殖（植）业，学以致（至）用，树脂（酯），硫酸二甲酯（脂），摩肩接踵（踪），文绉绉（诌），高瞻远瞩（嘱），一炷（柱） <wbr>香，编纂（篡），康庄（壮）大道，急躁（燥），恣（姿）意妄为，诅（咀）咒。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第七条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>图书中应当使用《简化字总表》规定的简化字，不得使用已经废止的《第二次汉字简化方案（草案）》（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1977</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年）中的简化字。横线左侧的字不能作为横线右侧的字的简化字：代—戴，付—副，干—赣，笈—籍，亍—街，兰—蓝、篮，令—龄，另—零，欠—歉，蒜—算，仃—停，太—泰，午—舞，圹—塘，予—预，迂—遇，园—圆，正—整，咀—嘴等等。“桔”（音jié）不是“橘”的简化字，只用于“桔梗”、“桔槔”，不能代替“橘”字。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第八条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1986</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年重新发表的《简化字总表》对几个字作了调整。该表的说明中指出：“原《简化字总表》中的个别字，作了调整。‘叠’、‘覆’、‘像’、‘囉’不再作‘迭’、‘复’、‘象’、‘罗’的繁体字处理。……‘囉’依简化偏旁‘罗’类推简化为‘啰’。‘瞭’字读‘</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">li</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ǎ</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">o</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">’（了解）时，仍简作‘了’，读‘</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">li</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">à</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">o</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">’ <wbr>（瞭望）时作‘瞭’，不简作‘了’。”据此，“叠”字的“重叠”（一层加一层）义，例如“叠石为山”、“层见叠出”、“折叠”、“叠床架屋”、“叠翠”、 <wbr>“叠罗汉”、“叠印”、“叠韵”、“叠嶂”、“叠彩山”等词语，不得使用“迭”字。“覆”字的翻倒义，如“覆巢”、“覆灭”、“覆亡”、“覆辙”、“覆 <wbr>被”等词语，不得使用“复”字。“像”字用于人物图像、好像、相似等义，例如“肖像”、“录像”、相像”、“好像”、“像话”、“像样”等词语，不得使用 <wbr>“象”字。“啰嗦”的“啰”和作为助词的“啰”，不可使用“罗”字。此外，藉，简化为“借”，如“藉口”“凭藉”应作“借口”“凭借”；但“慰藉”“狼 <wbr>藉”的“藉”仍用“藉”。“萧条’、“萧索”的“萧”没有简化为“肖”；用于姓氏，随原稿，不计错。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第九条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>凡用繁体字排版的图书，在用简化字本翻排繁体字本时，必须对应准确。特别是那些古代就有、现在作为简化字的传承字，在翻排繁体字本时不得误用，如：“党项”的“党”不得用“黨”，“长征”的“征”不得用“徵”，洞山良价（人名，佛教曹洞宗的创始人之一，“价”，音</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">jiè</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）的“价”不得用“價”，“南宫适”（人名）的“适”（音</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kuò</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）不得用“逋”，“万俟”（姓氏，音</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Mòqí</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）的“万”不得用“萬”，“体夫”（抬棺材的人）的“体”（音</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>bèn</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）不得用‘體”，“人云亦云”的“云”不得用“雲”，姓种的“种”（音</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">chóng</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）不得用“種”，作为乐器的“筑”不得用“築”，允准的“准”不得用“凖”，“窗明几净”的“几”不得用“幾”，“白术”的“术”（音</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">zhǘ</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）不得用“術”，等等。误用的繁体字应视为错字。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>文化部和文字改革委员会于1955年12月发布的《第一批异体字整理表》，要求从</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1956</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">日起在全国实施，规定“从实施之日起，全国出版的报纸、杂志、图书一律停止使用表中括弧内的异体字。但翻印古书须用原文原字的，可作例外。”“停止使用的异体字中，有用作姓氏的，在报刊图书中可以保留……”随后，国家语委根据实施过程中各方面的反映，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1956</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月恢复“阪、挫”2字。1986年10月恢复“诉、讌、晔、詟、诃、鳝、纳、划、鲙、诓、雠”</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">字。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1988</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月恢复“翦、邱、於、澹、骼、彷、菰、溷、徼、薰、黏、桉、愣、晖、凋”</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">15</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">字。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">次共恢复</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">28</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">字，这些字不作为异体字对待。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">此外，根据实际情况，本细则再放宽两点：一是引用古籍的文字，尽可能使用通用字，但个别容易引起歧义的可使用异体字；二是该《整理表》中原只限于姓氏使用异体字，用在名字中也不计错。如：镕、淼、榘、邨、珮等。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十一条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>根据国家教委和国家语委1988年7月公布的《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》的要求，汉语拼音的拼写以词为单位连写，如：“中国社会科学院”应拼写为“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Zhongguo <wbr>Shehui <wbr>Kexueyuan</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”，不可拼写为“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ZhongguoShehuiKexueyuan</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”，也不可拼写为“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Zhong <wbr>Guo <wbr>She <wbr>Hui <wbr>Ke <wbr>Xue <wbr>Yuan</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”。转行规则参照英文，必须在一个完整的音节处转行，并加转行线“一”（占一个汉字的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">三、词 语</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十二条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>词语误用的根本原因是误解词义。如：“截至</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1997</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月底”的“截至”不能使用“截止”，“报名日期</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">30</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">日 <wbr>截止”的“截止”不能使用“截至”；“公民的权利与义务”的“权利”不能使用“权力”，“最高国家权力机关是全国人民代表大会”的“权力”不能使用“权 <wbr>利”；“招工启事”的“启事”不能使用“启示”，“战争启示录”的“启示”不能使用“启事”；“老师爱护学生”的“爱护”不能使用“爱戴”；“随声附和” <wbr>的“附和”不能使用“符合”；等等。因为“截至”与“截止”、“权利”与“权力”、“启事”与“启示”、“爱护”与“爱戴”、“附和”与“符合”的含义是 <wbr>不同的，误用了就不能正确地表情达意。类似的误用词语还有，有利-有力，以至-以致，合龙-合拢，化装-化妆，经纪-经济，学历-学力，反应-反映，检察 <wbr>-检查，查看-察看，服法-伏法，处置-处治，品味-品位，等等。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十三条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>异形词是现代汉语书面语中并存并用的同音（声、韵、调完全相同）、同义（理性意义、色彩意义和语法意义完全相同）而书写形式不同的词语。图书编校时遇到异 <wbr>形词应使用《第一批异形词整理表》里的推荐形式。例如（括号内是淘汰的形式）：按语（案语）、百废俱兴（百废具兴）、本分（本份）、笔画（笔划）、参与 <wbr>（参预）、成分（成份）、赐予（赐与）、戴孝（带孝）、淡泊（澹泊）、订单（定单）、订户（定户）、订婚（定婚）、订阅（定阅）、分量（份量）、丰富多彩 <wbr>（丰富多采）、复信（覆信）、告诫（告戒）、过分（过份）、轰动（哄动）、角色（脚色）。《第一批异形词整理表》未收的异形词可以采用《现代汉语词典》的 <wbr>推荐形式。如果没有采用《现代汉语词典》的推荐形式，也不扣分。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十四条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>误用成语的实质是破坏了成语结构的定型性和意义的完整性。结构的定型性，是说成语的构成成分和构成方式比较固定，使用时不能随意改动。如：“有的放矢”不 <wbr>能说成“有的放箭”，“万紫千红”不能说成“千紫万红”，“源远流长”不能改为“渊远流长”，“意气风发”不能改为“意气奋发”，“明日黄花”不能改为 <wbr>“昨日黄花”，等等。意义的完整性，是说成语的意义不是它的构成成分的简单相加，而是由构成成分的意义经过概括而形成的、带有比喻和形容的性质。下面几种 <wbr>情形应按误用词语处理，每处计1个差错。 <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）意义理解错误。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如： <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．不少前往泉州旅游、观光的海外游客乘车行驶在无树的公路上，任凭风尘、烈日的侵袭，纷纷摇头叹息，叹为观止。（“叹为观止”是用来赞美看到的事物好到了极点的。） <wbr></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．在成都地区的考古发掘中，至今还没有发现第二座惠陵古冢，应该说，刘备墓在成都已无可厚非了。（“无可厚非”意思是没有可以过分责难的，应改为“毫无疑义”。） <wbr></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">3．这一次扑灭森林大火，解放军又一次首当其冲。（“首当其冲”意思是处于冲要位置首先被冲击，与“冲锋在前”的含义完全不同。） <wbr></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）把成语拆开使用而导致不当。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如： <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．大凡热心荐贤的人，也总是十分爱贤。不因求全而责备，不因小过而废之。（“求全责备”不能拆开。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．他的作品，既不矫揉，也不造作。（“矫揉造作”形容过分做作、极不自然，不能拆开。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十五条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>使用缩略语要防止造成误解。每篇文章首见时最好使用全称，以后可使用缩略语。但应注意有些词是不能省略的，如“省人大常委会主任”，不能缩略为“省人大主 <wbr>任”，因为作为省级最高权力机关的人大会议，只有执行主席，它的常委会才有主任的职务。使用缩略语不恰当一般不计错，但省略掉必要成分，已经构成知识性差 <wbr>错，就要计错了。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十六条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>人名、地名、单位名称要正确。外国人名（知名度高的）的译名采用通用的译法或者通行的写法。知名度不高的一般可参照新华社译名手册译出。国内外地名的写法 <wbr>以中国地图出版社出版的最新地图和地名录为准。小的地名应冠以省、市、地区名称，小单位应冠以大的地域和上一级领导单位名称。译名不合常规和无法判断地域 <wbr>的地名和单位名，应当计错。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">四、语 法</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十七条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>图书中常见的语法差错，大致可以分为：词性误用，数量表达混乱，指代不明，虚词使用不当，搭配不当，成分残缺，等等。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十八条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 词性误用。例如： <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．画家田雨霖义务为学生讲座。（“讲座”是名词，应改为动词“讲课”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．运输企业的代表向乘客坦诚了春运的苦衷。（“坦诚”是形容词，应改为动词“说出”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">3．他由于顶不住压迫而丧失了原则。（“压迫”是动词，应改为名词“压力”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第十九条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 数量表达混乱。例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．三名重伤的战士们在接受手术。（“战士”前面有了数量词“三名”，后面就不能有“们”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．去年，有13个海岛人均收入超过千元以上。（“超过”后面应该是确定的数，而“千元以上”是不确定的。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">3．由于化疗药物反应，朱鹏的白血球指数比正常值少三倍。（表示数量的减少，不能用倍数，只能用分数。本句可以改为“只是正常值的1/3”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 指代不明。例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．张总经理和李总工程师正在讨论一个技术改造项目，他同意他的看法。（两个“他”，不知道哪个是指张总经理，哪个是指李总工程师。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．外电报道：深圳一动物园有人向游客出售活鸡，让他们抛给老虎和狮子活活吃掉。他们呼吁“制止这种残忍的活动”。（两个“他们”指代不同。应把第2个“他们”改为“有关人士”一类的词语。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">3．对于学习较差的学生决不能采用体罚或变相体罚的办法。这对于调动学生的学习积极性是不利的。（“这”指代的是前面的句子，结果句子的意思和作者要表达的正好相反。可以把“这”改为“体罚或变相体罚”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十一条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 虚词使用不当。例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．每隔一段时间，他们就组织人员昼夜观察，对大熊猫发出的每一个声音都记录下来。（“对”要改为“把”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．法制报要向读者宣传国家的法规法纪，首先报纸自己要遵纪守法，这样，报纸才有感召力。否则报纸让别人学法守法，而办报却违法犯法，就是失职。（“否则”的意思是“如果不这样，那么就……”。要把“否则”改为“如果”。或改为“否则就是失职”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">3．现场嘉宾和观众对他的机智和幽默报以了会心的掌声。（“以”是介词，后面不能有助词“了”。）)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十二条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 搭配不当。例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．目前我国城市分布很不均匀，东部沿海一带有城市275座，而西部地区城市数量较少，这不利于减少东西部差距。（“减少”和“差距”不搭配。可以把“减少”改为“缩小”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．在香山老人的传说里，曹雪芹的足迹走遍了香山。（“足迹”和“走遍”不搭配。可以把“走遍”改为“遍布”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">3．他们说服了老师的劝阻。（“说服”和“劝阻”不搭配。可以改为“说服了进行劝阻的老师”。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十三条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 成分残缺。例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．我国入世在即，入世后必将为我国国民经济提供更大的发展空间。（缺主语。去掉“后”，让“入世”作主语。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2．盗版盗印是近些年图书库存积压不断攀升的重要原因之一。（缺动词。在“近些年”后面加上“造成”。）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">五、标点符号</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十四条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1995</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月国家技术监督局发布的国家标准《标点符号用法》，是判别标点符号正误的依据。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十五条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 句号（。）表示陈述句末尾的停顿，是句末点号，只能用在句子的末尾，而不能用在句子的里面。句号的误用主要有两种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）是句子而不用句号断句。常见一段文字一逗到底。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">已经25岁了，我终于成为专业合唱队的演员，遗憾的是没唱几年歌，领导却让我改唱评戏，由于唱法路子不对而毁了噪子，我被迫含着眼泪离开了舞台。（这一段文字有三个句子，“演员”和“评戏”后的逗号应改为句号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）不是句子而用了句号。把一个句子拆成几个句子。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．电视短剧《荷花》通过一个卖扇子的小女孩同小偷勇敢斗争的故事。表现了小女孩的纯洁、善良、勇敢的性格。反映了小女孩高尚的情操和美好的心灵。（这是一个复句，前两个句号应改为逗号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．产生经费紧张的原因，一个是实在缺得多。另一个是在经费使用效率上也存在一些问题。（这是一个复句，第一个句号应改为逗号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．产生经费紧张的原因，一个是实在缺得多。另一个是在经费使用效率上也存在一些问题。（这是一个复句，句中的句号应改为逗号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十六条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 逗号（，）表示句子内部的一般性停顿。逗号的误用有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）不该停顿的地方用了逗号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">总之，这部文集，触及了当代一系列重大的学术问题，相信有心的读者，会从中得到深刻的启示。（“文集”和“读者”后面的逗号应删。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）该停顿的地方没用逗号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">我在武汉听了毛委员演说三个月之后又在郑州听到谭延闿对湖南农民运动的恶毒攻击……（“演说”的后面应该加逗号。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十七条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 分号（；）表示复句内部并列分句之间的停顿。判别分号用法正误，要掌握3条原则：（1）从停顿的长短看，句号 <wbr>﹥分号﹥逗号﹥顿号；（2）分号不用在普通单句中；（3）分号一般用在并列复句里，被分号隔开的各分句中，至少有一组内部有逗号。分号的误用主要有4种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）并列词语间误用分号。并列词语间的停顿要用顿号或逗号，不能用分号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">《湖畔》中人物的对话；《鲜花开放的地方》中环境的点染；《大钱饺子》里的铺叙议论，都十分富有特色。（并列短语作主语，短语内的两个分号都应改为逗号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）非并列关系的单重复句内分句间误用分号。非并列关系的多重复句的第一层可以使用分号，为的是分清分句间的结构关系。单重复句不存在这个问题，所以不能使用分号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">去年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">13</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">日，在河北省香河县公安局的配合下，通州区公安局破获了盗窃高压输电线路铁塔塔材的案件；抓获犯罪分子二十余人。（分号应改为逗号。）</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）不在第一层的并列分句间误用了分号。分句间用不用分号，要看并列分句是不是在第一层上，不在第一层上就不能用分号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">对于一切犯错误的同志，要历史地全面地评价他们的功过是非，不要一犯错误就全盘否定；也不要纠缠历史上发生过而已经查清的问题。（第一层分界在“功过是非”的后面。“不要……”与“也不要……”之间不能用分号。分号应改为逗号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）两个句子间误用分号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">这样的豪言壮语，究竟出自谁人之口呢？不是别人，正是林彪；它是否合乎马克思主义呢?它是赤裸裸的反马克思主义的谬论。（“林彪”后面的分号应改为句号。）。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十八条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 顿号（、）表示句子内部并列词语之间的停顿。用顿号隔开的并列词语可以充当各种句法成分。并列词语间的停顿，也可以用逗号。停顿较长时用逗号，停顿较短时用顿号，难以分清长短时，一般用顿号。顿号的误用主要有5种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）非并列词语间误用顿号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">这几年，报刊上报道的因主持正义、被顶头上司打击报复的人，也不是个别的。（“因主持正义”与“被顶头上司打击报复”不是并列关系，而是因果关系，中间不应该用顿号。可以改为“因主持正义而被顶头上司打击报复”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）没有停顿的并列词语间误用顿号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">他们过着牛、马不如的生活。（“牛马”中间没有停顿，不应该用顿号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）不同层次的停顿都使用顿号，混淆了结构层次。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">中央顾问委员会秘书长、国家体委顾问荣高棠、国家体委主任李梦华和中华全国体育总会主席钟师统等应邀参加十佳运动员评选揭晓和发奖大会。（3位领导人的名字，构成第一层的并列关系，荣高棠的两个职衔构成第二层的关系。第一层用逗号，第二层用顿号，不能都用顿号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）相邻数字连用表示概数时，不能用顿号隔开。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">我们曾经去过六、七个这样的购物中心，看到二、三十位老人……（两个顿号都应该去掉。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（五）在一些序次语的后面误用了顿号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第一、第二、首先、其次、（顿号应改为逗号。） <wbr>（一）、（二）、（三）、（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）、（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）、（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">①、②、③、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（序次语既然用了括号，或者本身就是圈码，后边就不必再加顿号。） <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1、2、3、A、B、C、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（顿号应改为下脚圆点。)</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第二十九条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 问号（ <wbr>？）主要用来表示疑问句末尾的停顿。问号还用来表示设问句、反问句末尾的停顿。问号的误用主要是把非疑问句误作疑问句。这种情况多发生在有“谁”、“哪”、“什么”、“怎么”、“怎样”等疑问词和带有“是……还是”疑问结构的句子里。例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．他不得不认真思考企业的生产为什么会滑坡？怎样才能扩大产品的销路？（第1个问号应改为逗号，句末的问号应改为句号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2．关于什么是智力</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">？</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">国内外争论多年也没有定论。（前面的问号应改为逗号。）</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">3．他独自走着，低着头，分不清天上下的是雨，是雪，还是雪珠儿？（句末的问号应改为句号。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 叹号</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（！）主要用来表示感叹句末尾的停顿。例如：为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗 <wbr>！语气强烈的祈使句、陈述句和反问句末尾的停顿也应该使用叹号。叹号的误用多发生在语气舒缓的祈使句、陈述句和反问句中。例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．小李，你还是多休息几天再上班吧！（这是一个语气舒缓的祈使句，句末叹号应改为句号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．实践告诉我们：只有开拓技术市场，实行技术商品化，才能使科学技术迅速转化为生产力！（这是一个语气舒缓的陈述句，句末叹号应改为句号。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十一条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 冒号（：）表示提示性话语之后的停顿，用来提起下文。冒号的误用表现为5种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）“某某说”插在引文的中间，“说”字后面用了冒号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“唔。”老张一面听，一面应，一面伸手过来说：“你给我吧。”</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（“说”字后面的冒号应改为逗号。）</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）在没有停顿的地方用了冒号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">我跳下车来，说了声：“忠爷爷再见！”就往家里走去。（“说了声”后面的冒号应删去。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）在一个句子里出现了两重冒号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">也还有另一种观点：当作品涉及某些阴暗现象的时候，有的同志会说：“你写的现象虽然是真实的，但要考虑文艺的党性原则。”（第一个冒号应改为句号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）该用冒号的地方没用冒号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">企业长期亏损，出路只有一条，改革。（提示性话语“出路只有一条”后面的逗号应改为冒号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（五）冒号（：）误为比号（∶）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十二条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr>引号（横行为“”‘’，竖行为『』「」）的作用有三个：一是把引文和本文区别开来；二是标明具有特殊含义的词语；三是标明需要着重论述的对象。为了分清引 <wbr>文的层次，横行引文规定第一层引文用双引号，引文中的引文用单引号；竖行引文规定第一层引文用双引号（或单引号），引文中的引文用单引号（或双引号）。引 <wbr>号的误用有5种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）上下引号不配套，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">即：有上引无下引或有下引无上引，单双引混用，上下引一顺，等等。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）竖行引文引号单双引号次序混乱</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（即一会儿先双后单，一会儿又先单后双），都属于差错。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）引文末尾标点位置混乱。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．古人云：“多行不义必自毙”。（引文完整而独立，末尾的句号应放在引号里面。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．大革命虽然失败了，但火种犹存。共产党人“从地下爬起来，揩干净身上的血迹，掩埋好同伴的尸首，他们又继续战斗了。”（引文不独立，末尾的句号应放在引号外面。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）转述的文字加了引号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">老太太说，“她儿子是个工人，出来好几年了，她是第一次来抚顺。”（删去引号，或将引号内第三人称的“她”改为第一人称的“我”。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（五）带有特殊含义（比喻义或贬义）的词语末加引号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">自私，不听从合理的指导，没有自尊心，都是性格上很大的弱点。这些弱点都是老牌的慈母送给她们孩子的恩物。（“慈母”和“恩物”都带有贬义，应当加引号。）。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十三条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 书句号（《 <wbr>》 <wbr>〈 <wbr>〉）是表示文化精神产品的专名号。书名号的误用主要是使用范围扩大化。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）书名（包括篇名）、报纸名（包括板块、栏目名）、期刊名（包括栏目名），以及其他文化精神产品（电影、戏剧、乐曲、舞蹈、摄影、绘画、雕塑、工艺品、邮票、相声、小品等）的题目可用书名号，非文化精神产品不能使用书名号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">物质产品名、商品名、商标名、课程名、证件名、单位名、组织名、奖项名、活动名、展览名、集会名、称号名等等，均不能使用书名号，用了要计错。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">（二）丛书名要使用书名号，如《五角丛书》《当代农村百事通丛书》。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">（三）书名号里面的名称要与实际名称相符。如《人民邮电》报，《求是》杂志。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十四条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 括号（[ <wbr>]（））的功能是对正文的补充和注释。括号的误用，除了不配套外就是位置不适当。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）句内括号放在了句外。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">唯心论历来反映剥削阶级的利益，代表剥削阶级的意识形态，是“反动派的武器，反动派的宣传工具”。（列宁：《我们的取消派》）（括号应当放在句号前面。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）括号离开了被注释的文字。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">不久，国民议会迁到法皇的内宫凡尔赛去（在巴黎城西南18公里）。（括号应放在“去”字前面。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十五条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 省略号（……）标明行文中省略了的文字。省略号的误用，除了形状不合规定（不是6个连点）外，还有两种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）省略号前后保留了不应该使用的顿号、逗号、分号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">写到这里，赵朴老的神采又活现在我的眼前，与他相关的好几件事又从记忆中浮出……。（省略号后的句号应删去。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）省略号与“等”、“等等”并用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">在另一领域中，人却超越了自然的力，如飞机、火箭、电视、计算机……等等。（“等等”和句号，应当删去。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十六条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 连接号的形式为一字线“—”（占一个字的位置）。连接号还有另外</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种形式，即长横“——”（占两个字的位置）、半字线“-”（占半个字的位置）和浪纹“～”（占一个字的位置）。要注意区分它们的使用场合，相同场合前后不一致的计错。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）连接两个相关的名词构成一个意义单位，用一字线。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如：原子—分子论，中国—芬兰协会。（也可以用半字线，但不要用长横）</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）连接相关的地点、时间表示走向或起止。用一字线。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如：北京—上海特快列车，鲁迅（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1881—1936</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），（前者也可以用长横，后者也可以用浪纹，但不要用半字线）</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）连接相关的汉字或外文和阿拉伯数字表示产品型号，用一字线。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">TPC</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">—3海底光缆，东方红—</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">75</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">型拖拉机。（也可以用半字线）</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）标准代号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如《标点符号用法》</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GB</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">T <wbr>15834—1995</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，国内统一刊号</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CN <wbr>11—1102</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">I</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。（用了半字线也不算错，但不要用长横）</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（五）连接相关的阿拉伯数字表示范围，用浪纹。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2500</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">万元～</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">万元，-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">36</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">℃～-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">℃。（也可以用一字线，但不要用半字线或长横。)</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十七条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 间隔号（·）用在被隔开的词语中间。间隔号的误用有两种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）间隔号误为顿号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">大卫、李嘉图（误用了顿号就成为两个人了。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）间隔号误为下脚圆点。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">“3．15”消费者日（误用了下脚圆点就成了小数点。)</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十八条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 破折号（——）标明行文中解释说明的语句。破折号的误用有4种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）破折号的前后两部分所指不相同。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">他久久地凝视着庭园中央——这张X光片子的主人。（“庭园中央”与“这张X光片子的主人”所指的概念不相当。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）补充说明前未用破折号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">二氧化碳和水在合成车间，叶绿体里发生奇妙的变化。（“合成车间”就是“叶绿体”，且语义的重点在后者，所以，“合成车间”后面的逗号应改为破折号。）</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）破折号误为两个一字线（——）、四个半字线（----）或一个化学单键号（—）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">（四）破折号不能误作一字线或半字线。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第三十九条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 省年号（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）使用高撇号，用于省年形式，如</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1998</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年写作“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">’98</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”。这是近年来从国外引进的一种符号，中文常用于“标题式”的名称中。例如“ <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">’98</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">春节联欢晚会”。省年号的误用有两种情形。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）省年号（’）误置于年份后面。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">98</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">’春节联欢晚会。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）省年号后面误加了“年”字。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4" style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">’98</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年春节联欢晚会。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><br></span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">六、数 字</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1995</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月国家技术监督局发布的国家标准《出版物上数字用法的规定》指出，阿拉伯数字笔画简单，结构科学，形象清晰，组数简短，应当广泛应用。实施过程中碰到一些问题，归纳起来就是，什么情况下应当用阿拉伯数字，什么情况下不能用阿拉伯数字。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">(一)应当使用阿拉伯数字的：</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1．物理量量值中的数字，如</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1m(1米)、3kg(3千克)、5d(5天)、20℃(20摄氏度)、0.5A(0.5安)、25mol(25</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">摩)。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2．非物理量量词(计数单位)前的数字，如</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3人、50元、100</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">根。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3．计数的数值，如正负整数</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(3，-6)、小数(0.28)、分数(1/3)、百分数(96.25％)、比例(3∶7)及一部分概数(10多、500余、3000左右)</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">4．公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5．代号、代码和序号中的数字，如</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GB <wbr>3100—93、国办发〔1998〕3号文件、ISBN7—303—04761—X，HP—3000型电子计算机、第1卷、第18</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">届年会。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">(二)必须使用汉字数字的：</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">1．定型的词、词组、成语、惯用语、缩略语或具有修辞色彩的词语中作为语素的数字。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．相邻数字连用表示的概数和带“几”字的概数。如七八个人、五十四五岁、十几、三千几百。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">3．非公历纪年一律用汉字数字，但应采用阿拉伯数字括注公历。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4．含有月日简称表示事件、节日和其他意义的词组中的数字，应使用汉字数字。当涉及</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">月时，应用间隔号“·”将表示月和日的数字隔开，并外加引号；涉及其他月份时，不用间隔号。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">5．古籍中的数字。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">6．文学著作一般使用汉字数字，但也可以适当使用阿拉伯数字。如公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻，计量或计数单位前的数字，纯数字等。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">7．竖排文字中的数字，除与字母连用可顺时针转90排外，一律改用汉字数字。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">(三)阿拉伯数字的书写规则：</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1．为使多位数字便于阅读，可将数字分成组，从小数点起，向左或向右每3位分成1组，组间留一空隙(约为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个汉字的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)，但不得用逗号、圆点或其他方式。非科技出版物也可不分节。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">2．纯小数必须写出小数点前用以定位的“0”。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3．阿拉伯数字不得与除万、亿及法定计量，单位词头外的汉字数字连用。如</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">453000000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">可写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">45300</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">万或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4.53</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">亿或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">亿</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5300</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">万，但不能写作</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4亿5千3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">百万；三千元可写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">元或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">万元，但不能写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">千元；三千米可写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">千米，这里的“千”是词头。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">4．一个用阿拉伯数字书写的数值(包括小数和百分数)不能拆开转行。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5．表示用阿拉伯数字书写的数值范围，使用浪纹号“～”。如：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10％</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">～</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">20％</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(2～6)×103或2×103～6×103，30～40km(也可写成30km～40km)</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">七、量和单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十一条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 除古籍和文学书籍外，所有出版物特别是教科书和科技书刊，在使用量和单位的名称、符号、书写规则时，都应符合1993年国家技术监督局发布的国家标准《量和单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">》(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GB3100～3102—93</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的规定。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十二条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 使用不规范的量名称，主要表现在：使用已废弃的旧名称，同一个名称出现多种写法，使用自造的名称，等等。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(一)使用已废弃的旧名称。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例 <wbr>如（括号里是废弃的）：质量（重量，但人民生活和贸易中质量仍可按习惯称为重量）；体积质量，密度或相对体积质量，相对密度（比重）；质量热容，比热容 <wbr>（比热）；质量定压热容，比定压热容（定压比热容，恒压热容）；电流（电流强度）；物质的量（摩尔数，克原子数，克分子数，克离子数，克当量）；</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">B</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的质量分数（重量百分数，质量百分比浓度）；</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">B</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的体积分数（体积百分比浓度，体积百分含量）；</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">B</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的浓度， <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">B</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的物质的量浓度（摩尔浓度，体积克分子浓度，当量浓度）；粒子注量（粒子剂量）；[放射性]活度（放射性强度，放射性）。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(二)同一名称出现多种书写法，这是不能允许的。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：吉布斯自由能(吉卜斯自由能)，阿伏加德罗常数(阿伏伽德罗常数，阿佛加德罗常数)。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(三)使用以“单位+数”构成的名称。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：长度叫“米数”，时间叫“秒数”，装载质量叫“吨数”，功率叫“瓦数”，物质的量叫“摩尔数”，等等。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十三条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 量符号的使用不规范，表现为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种情形：</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(一)量符号错用了正体字母。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">国标规定：量符号必须使用斜体，对于矢量和张量，还应使用黑斜体；只有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">pH</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是例外。实际上，有的全部使用正体，有的时而正体、时而斜体，这都是不能允许的。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(二)没有使用国标规定的符号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：质量的规范符号是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m，但常见用w，P，Q，μ等表示；阿伏加德罗常数的符号为L或N</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">A</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，而一些课本中用N或N</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">o</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(三)用多个字母构成一个量符号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：用</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IAT作为内部空气温度的量符号，用CHT作为临界高温的量符号，实际上二者都是3个单词的缩写。有些书刊把输入功率表示成P</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">i</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，输出功率表示成P</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">o</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，也是不对的，规范的表示应分别为Pi和Po</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(四)把化学元素符号作量符号使用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">H</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">∶</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">O</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">＝</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2∶1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”，这是不规范的表示方式，正确的表示方式为：指质量比，应为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">H</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)∶</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">O</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)＝</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2∶1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">；指体积比，应为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">V</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">H</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)∶</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">V</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">O</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)＝</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2∶1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(五)把量符号当作纯数使用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如“物质的量为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">n <wbr>mol</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”，正确的表示为“物质的量为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">n</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">用mol</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(六)量符号的下标不规范。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">主要表现为没有优先采用国标规定的下标，正斜体混乱，大小写混乱。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1．没有采用国标已规定的下标，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">有的用量名称的汉语拼音缩写作下标，有的甚至用汉字作下标。如：辐射能，国标规定的符号为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">EF</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，但有的书刊用</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">E</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">F</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，有的干脆用</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">E</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">辐</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，这些都是不规范的。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2．正斜体混乱。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">凡量符号和代表变动性数字，坐标轴名称及几何图形中表示点线面体的字母作下标，采用斜体；其他情况为正体。例如：体胀系数</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">av</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">v</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为体积量符号)；电能</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">W</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">i</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">i＝1，2，3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">…)(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">i</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">代表变动性数字)；力的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">y</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">分量</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">F</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">y</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">y</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为坐标轴符号)；△</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ABC</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的面积</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">S</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">△ABC</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3．大小写混乱。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">区别大小写的规则为：量符号作下标，其字母大小写同原符号；来源于人名的缩写作下标用大写正体；不是来源于人名的缩写作下标，一般都用小写正体。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十四条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 单位名称书写错。主要表现在对相除组合单位和乘方形式的单位名称书写错误。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(一)相除组合单位名称与其符号的顺序不一致，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">名称中的“每”字多于</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个。例如：速度单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的名称是“米每秒”，而不是“秒米”“米秒”“每秒米”“秒分之米”；质量热容单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">J</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">k</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)的名称是“焦耳每千克开尔文”或“焦每千克开”，而不是“焦耳每千克每开尔文”或“焦每千克每开”。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(二)乘方形式的单位名称错误。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：截面系数单位m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的名称是“三次方米”，而不是“米三次方”。“米立方”“立方米”；面积单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">十的名称是“平方米”，而不是“二次方米”“米平方”“米二次方”“平方”。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(三)在组合单位名称中加了符号。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：摩尔体积单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mol</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的名称是“立方米每摩尔”或“立方米每摩”，而不是“立方米/摩尔”“立方米/每摩尔”“米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/每摩”“米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">摩</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”等。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十五条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 单位中文符号的书写和使用不准确。主要表现在：把名称或不是中文符号的“符号”当中文符号使用，组合单位中既有国际符号又有中文符号，非普及性书刊中使用了中文符号，等等。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(一)把单位的名称作为中文符号使用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">N</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的中文符号是“牛·米”，而不是“牛米”或“牛顿米”。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(二)使用既不是单位名称也不是中文符号的“符号”。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如：“牛顿/平方米”的写法是错误的。如果是压强单位的名称，则应为“牛顿每平方米”或“牛每平方米”；如果是压强单位的中文符号，则应为“牛/米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”或“牛·米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”。类似的错误用法还有：“千克/摩尔”应为“千克/摩”，“焦耳/开尔文”应为“焦/开”，“立方米/秒”应为“米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/秒”，“安培每米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”应为“安/米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">’，“韦伯·米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”应为“韦·米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”，“瓦开</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”应为“瓦·开</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(三)组合单位中2种符号并用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：速度单位不应写作“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">km</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/时”，而应写作“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">km/h</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”或“千米/时”，流量单位不应写作“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/分”，而应写作“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">min</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”或“米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/分”；用药量单位不应写作“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">·天)”，而应写作“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">d</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)”或“毫克/(千克·天)”。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(四)非普及性书刊和高中以上教科书使用单位的中文符号或名称。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">按国标要求，非普及性书刊和高中以上教科书在表达量值时都应使用单位的国际符号，如把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m、K、min、Hz、Ω、m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">分别写作米、开、分、赫、欧、米/秒</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是违反国标规定的，中文符号只在小学、初中教科书和普通书刊中在有必要时使用。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十六条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 单位国际符号书写和使用错误。主要表现为如下七个方面：</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4">(一)单位符号错用了斜体字母。</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(二)单位符号的大小写错误。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">国标规定，一般单位符号为小写体（只有升的符号例外，可用大写体L)，来源于人名的单位符号其首字母大写。常见错误如：把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(米)、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(秒)、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">t</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(吨)、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ix</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(勒)分别写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">M、S、T、Lx</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">；把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Pa</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(帕)、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">w</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(瓦)、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Hz</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(赫)分别写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">pa、w、HZ</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Hz</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(三)把单位英文名称的非标准缩写或全称作为单位符号使用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">min</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(分)、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(秒)、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">d</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（天）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">h</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（小时）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">a</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（年）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">lx</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（勒）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">r</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">min</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（转每分）分别写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m、sec、day、hr、y</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">yr、lux、rpm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）把ppm、pphm、ppb、ppt等表示数量份额的缩写字作为单位符号使用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应改用它们分别代表的数值</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">9</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（美、法等国）或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（英、德等国）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（美、法等国）或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">18</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（英、德等国）。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（五）相除组合单位中的斜线“/”多于1条。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：把服药量的单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">d</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和血管阻力单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kPa</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">L</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">错误的表示为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">d</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kPa</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">L</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（六）对单位符号进行修饰。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">主要表现是：加下标，在组合单位中插入说明性字符，修饰单位1等。例如：</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1．把最小电流表示为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">I=3A</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">min</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，正确表示应为I</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">min</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">=3A</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2．把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Pb的质量浓度为0.1mg/L表示为0.1mg（Pb）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">L或0.1mg铅</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">L，规范表示应为ρ（Pb）=0.1mg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">L</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3．把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ca的质量分数表示为Ca为25%（m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m）或Ca为25%（W</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">W），规范表示应为w（Ca）=25%</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4．使用习惯上常用的经过修饰的单位符号。如标准立方</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">米Nm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">n</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，标准升NL、L</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: sub; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">n</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，正确的符号应为立米m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，升L或1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（七）书写量值时，数值与单位符号间未留适当空隙，或把单位插在数值中间，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">15</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mol</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应为15 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mol</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">75应为1.75 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">或175 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">cm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">01应为10.01 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十七条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SI词头符号的书写和使用不正确。主要表现为：词头大小写混淆，独立使用，重叠使用，对不许采用词头的单位加了词头，对乘方形式的单位加错了词头等。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）混淆大小写。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">20个SI词头中，代表的因数</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">≥</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的7个词头：M（兆）、G（吉）、T（太）、P（拍）、E（艾）、Z（泽）、Y（尧）要采用大写正体，代表的因数≤103的13个词头k（千）、h（百）、da（十）、d（分）、c（厘）、m（毫）、μ（微）、n（纳）、p（皮）、f（飞）、a（阿）、z（仄）、y（幺）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">要采用小写正体。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）独立使用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">词头只有跟单位结合才有意义，如10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">μm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ω</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">不得写作10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: italic;">μ</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MΩ</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）重叠使用。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mμm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mμs</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">μμF</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">μkg、kMW</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应分别改为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">nm、ns、pF、mg、GW</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）对不许加词头的单位</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">°（度）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">′</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（［角］分）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">″</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（［角］秒）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">d</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（天）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">h</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（时）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">min</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（分）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">r</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">min</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（转每分）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">n <wbr>mile</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（海里）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kn</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（节）等加了词头。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（五）对乘方形式的单位加错了词头。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7200m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/d错写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7.2m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">d</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10000000m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">错写成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10Mm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，正确的表示应分别为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7.2dam</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">d</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10mm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">四十八条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 使用非法定单位或已废弃的单位名称。主要表现以下4种情形：</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）使用市制单位，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如尺、寸、担、斤、两、钱、亩等。在普通书刊特别是以农民为读者对象的书刊中，在表达小面积时还可以使用“亩”，但要括注法定计量单位“公顷”。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）使用早已停用的“公字号”单位。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">除公斤、公里、公顷以外的所有“公字号”单位都应停止使用，如公尺（米、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），公分（厘米、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">cm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），公亩（百平方米、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">100m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），公升（升、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">L</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），公方（立方米、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），公吨（吨、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">t</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）等（括号中为法定名称及符号）。公斤、公里也不要用于教科书中，而应分别改用千克</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kg</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、千米</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">km</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）使用英制单位。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">英制单位是必须废弃的，当确有必要出现英制单位时，一般采用括注的形式，如</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">51cm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">英寸）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）使用CGS制中有专门名称的导出单位及其他杂类单位。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">这些常见废弃单位及其换算因数如下表所示：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <wbr></span></font></span></p><table align="center" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun;"><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border: 0.75pt inset rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">单位名称</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-width: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: inset inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">符 <wbr>号</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-width: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: inset inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">换算因式</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">微（米）</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">μ</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>μ＝1μm</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">费密</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">Fermi</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr>Fermi＝10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">15m＝1 <wbr>fm</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">达因</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">dyn</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr>dyn＝10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">5N</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">千克力</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">kgf</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>kgf＝9.80665N</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">吨力</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">tf</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>tf＝9.80665kN</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">标准大气压</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">atm</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>atm＝101.325Kpa</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">工程大气压</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">at</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr>at＝9.80665×10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">Pa</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">托</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">Torr</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>Torr＝133.322Pa</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">毫米汞柱</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">mmHg</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>mmHg＝133.322Pa</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">毫米水柱</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">mmH2O</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>mmH2O＝9.80665Pa</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">泊</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">p</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr>P＝0.1Pa</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">s</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">斯（托克斯）</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">St</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr>St＝1cm2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">s</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">西西</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">cc</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>cc＝1mL</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">丹尼尔</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">den</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>den＝(1/9)tex</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">兰氏度</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">oR</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1oR＝(5/9)K</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">华氏度</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">F</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">tF</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">9T</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">—＝——－459.67</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">F</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;"> <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">K</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">道尔顿</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">D</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">.</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">Da</span></font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">D</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">＝1μ</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">[米制]克拉</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">cara</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">t</span></font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">carat</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">＝200</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">mg</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">尔格</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">erg</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr>erg＝10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">7J</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">卡</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">cal</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>cal＝4.1868J</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">大卡、千卡</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">kcal</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>kcal＝4.1868kJ</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">度（电能）</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"> <wbr></font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1度＝</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1kW</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">h</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">[米制]马力</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"> <wbr></font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1马力＝</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">735.499W</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">辐透</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">ph</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">ph</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">＝</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">lx</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">熙提</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">sb</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">sb</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">＝</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">cd</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">2</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">尼特</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">nt</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">1 <wbr>nt＝1cd/m2</font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">屈光度</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">D</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">D</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">＝</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">-1</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">奥斯特</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">Oe</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">Oe</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;"><img width="16" height="22" alt="图书编校质量差错认定细则（下）" title="图书编校质量差错认定细则（下）" style="border: 0px; list-style: none;"></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">79.578</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">A</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">m</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 22.2pt;"><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">高斯</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">Gs</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">Gs</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;"><img width="16" height="22" alt="图书编校质量差错认定细则（下）" title="图书编校质量差错认定细则（下）" style="border: 0px; list-style: none;"></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">10-4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">T</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">麦克斯韦</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">Mx</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr>Mx</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;"><img width="16" height="22" alt="图书编校质量差错认定细则（下）" title="图书编校质量差错认定细则（下）" style="border: 0px; list-style: none;"></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">10-5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">Wb</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">体积克分子浓度</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">M</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">M</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">＝1 <wbr></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">mol</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">L</span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" width="138" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt; border-style: none inset inset; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 103.7pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">当量浓度</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="69" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 52.25pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font size="4">N</font></span></p></td><td valign="middle" width="175" style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; border-width: medium 0.75pt 0.75pt medium; border-style: none inset inset none; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 131.4pt;"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"> <wbr></font></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第四十九条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 在图、表等中，在用特定单位表示量的数值时未采用标准化表示方式。国标规定了2种方式：即a.用量和单位的比值，b.把量的符号加上花括号，并用单位的符号作为下标，并建议采用第1种方式，例如</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">v</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">v</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">而不表示成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">v</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">v</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">s</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的形式。如有需要也可以表示成（略）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">或（略）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的形式，但水平分式线不能省略。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">第五十条</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 数理公式和数学符号的书写或使用不正确。主要表现在字母、符号的正、斜体混淆，数理公式的转行不符合规定等。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（一）该用正体的字母用了斜体。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：对其值不变的数学常数</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">e</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（=</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.7182818</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">…）、π（=</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3.1415926</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">…）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">i</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（=</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，电工学中常用</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">j</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），已定义的算子符号div（散度）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">d</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（微分号）、△(有限增量符号）、δ（变分号）等，有特殊含义的缩写字max（极大值）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Re</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（实部）</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、T</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（转置）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Rt</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（直角）、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ASA</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（角边角）等，使用了斜体字母。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（二）该用斜体的字母用了正体。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">例如：对变数</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">x、y</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，函数f，φ（</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">t</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)，i中变动的附标i，几何图形中表示点线面体的字母（像点</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">P</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、线段</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CD</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、平面</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Σ、△ABC</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、三棱锥</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">P</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ABC</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）等，使用了正体字母。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（三）数理公式转行不符合规定。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">新标准规定：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">当一个表示式或方程式需断开、用2行或多行来表示时，最好在紧靠其中记号=，+， <wbr>－，±，÷，×，</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">·</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">或</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">后断开，而在下一行开头不应重复这一记号。例如：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ax</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">+</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">by</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">cz</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">=</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">n</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">+</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">p</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（四）其他常见错误，如下表所示</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">：</span></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: center;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><font size="4"> <wbr><atarget="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(118, 95, 71);"><img src="http://s13.sinaimg.cn/mw690/001DJBUZgy6O94vyX1Ofc&690" real_src="http://s13.sinaimg.cn/mw690/001DJBUZgy6O94vyX1Ofc&690" name="image_operate_29381417767240112" alt="图书编校质量差错认定细则（下）" title="图书编校质量差错认定细则（下）" style="border-width: 0px; list-style: none;"></a><br><br></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></font></span></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="4"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></font></span></p><p></p>
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