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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 1 W* |7 [& D/ N! T6 a7 ^- s( d- [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 b! l! ~0 ~; F9 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">1: V0 c& g$ z+ R! r: c# W) afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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" _9 @0 w, C) s* R/ y' i- Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 P f" z8 l, z7 x) ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。4 V: @! h% |1 W# ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。$ o7 F Z2 q) B- Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 Q2 |1 ~7 I+ ]3 S0 _8 @7 j2 {! A! Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。/ ]; J2 C/ P5 f! r2 o# m6 b
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# J5 _% {% C( i$ O3 b: rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。+ x# z: C& [& Y& F- C# Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ x# F4 \6 S, p( A+ q* P3 NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服: G, r. ^$ l" @( E5 L) b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢) |( t; P4 f, H7 x$ e* _) {mso-font-kerning:0pt"> / N* r) \9 X; W8 y+ }0 W9 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的% ~1 W/ P% C4 i# \mso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 n& i! ?$ P) _) Q
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" j7 q: }, U* Q1 m' A HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学3 n0 }" y6 Q, p; g* u6 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么8 W$ w: c1 O# H6 omso-font-kerning:0pt">——. E7 V' I( v8 T0 H& x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？' F0 o/ m4 e# V1 b5 Y& i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。5 Y( N/ j z; K2 ]+ h' c0 i: ?0pt"> 0 ]& |; r1 h2 t/ K6 jTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;+ H7 ^6 O5 @5 V& y" Q
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想” V( E+ n. y/ N! pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 B! R7 @& N8 d) C3 h0 e) z5 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 o! r" G6 M. f F4 W2 R6 g% I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说' F- A8 {+ S' z" y7 E0 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 F9 y$ |, a; \+ O0 K5 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' X. k8 E$ I$ O4 k$ E* T, vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。; Z: {0 Q1 S4 _0 S8 I$ M( z c- {mso-font-kerning:0pt">"* G& N6 z, j- }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: _! M4 s/ L" t, N0 _
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- l- o3 i. i# D# [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚/ U2 ?; ~* d \. ~$ r+ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！5 n M& Y) ]/ x: Y3 J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假+ o% ]8 ]3 h$ E# u. gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是$ G" U& _, g' N0 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“% Q5 |0 H! |. E" _; I, e9 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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( O: l) }4 n* Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。0 C: ?9 k! }6 E2 i2 T, W wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 I' y& H$ V& m" Y, s d: _( H) [
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# Q4 [* o( j' U5 x* l9 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴" ^8 ?1 ]1 k( f T3 ~2 h! d
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( x. z& ^" y5 e7 }5 L" A: P4 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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